Tuesday, December 2, 2025
Urlaub / Vacation
Unser Übersetzungsbüro ist geschlossen: vom 20. Dezember 2025 bis 7. Januar 2026.
Our translation agency will be closed: from December 20, 2025 to January 7, 2026.
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Even after retiring as German Consul, I am still accredited as a German translator and interpreter for the German, Swiss and Austrian Embassy.
Friday, November 28, 2025
Did Mozart Suffer From Any Neurobehavioural Disorder?
Once hailed as Time magazine’s top ten cultural figures of the millennium, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) should perhaps also be known as one of the most foul-mouthed classical musicians of all time.
Although the musical genius has passed away for more than 250 years, thanks to the preservation of Mozart’s works, we know for a fact that the prodigy fancied using vulgar language and referring to anal matters in his compositions.
“Kiss my Ass”: Mozart’s Use of Vulgar Language
“Leck mich im Arsch”, which literally translates into “lick my ass” or “kiss my ass” in modern terms, is the title of one of Mozart’s canons which he composed at the age of 26.
Such offensive language was not only evident in his work, but was also prevalent throughout his daily life. Over ten percent of Mozart’s letters are found to contain evidence of scatology, an investigation by Simkin reveals. Scatology is the study of faeces, and in Mozart’s case, it refers to the obsession of obscene language and references to excretory functions (and not in the medical sense). Mozart wrote to his cousin Maria Anna Tekla Mozart on 5 November 1777 saying “I sh*t on your nose, so it runs down your chin”, according to a translation by Spaethling in 2000; and to his father on 17 October 1777, Mozart wrote, “…But I sang a whole different text ‘P.E, o oh you prick, why don’t you kiss my ass…”
In fact, Mozart’s mouth was so foul that experts have suggested that he actually suffered from a complex neurobehavioural disorder called Giles de la Tourette’s Syndrome.
The Tourette’s Syndrome
This is because one of the occasional symptoms of Tourette’s Syndrome is Coprolalia. Coprolalia refers to the involuntary and often compulsive swearing of obscene words or taboo remarks. It comes from the greek word “κόπρος” (kopros), meaning faeces, and “λαλιά” (lalia) from lalein, which means “to talk”. Despite the amount of attention drawn to the condition, it is actually not a necessary symptom required for a Tourette diagnosis. Only about 10% of Tourette patients are reported to suffer from it.
On the contrary, it is the presence of motor and vocal tics (which last for at least one year) that characterise Tourette’s syndrome. Tics are sudden, repetitive movements or sounds that a person makes, usually unconsciously or with only very little control of the muscle groups.
© neuronup.us
Common tics include blinking the eyes very hard, shoulder shrugging, foot stomping, repeated sniffing, repetitive shouting, constant clearing of the throat or grunting. Some tics may even result in self harm, due to head banging or punching one self. Tics can sometimes be worsened when the person is under stress, excitement or anxiety. Patients have described the need to complete a tic or repeatedly carry out the tic in order to decrease the urge or sensation.
Although the exact neuropathology and the cause of the condition is not properly understood, research suggests that it is caused by nerve communication problems in the brain. Disturbance in the balance in neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine may also play a role in Tourette’s. These include abnormalities in parts of the brain, including the basal ganglia, frontal lobes and cortex.
Question: Did Mozart have a neurological disorder, or was it simply his unique personality?
Some argue that Mozart, as a genius in his own right, simply couldn’t care less about what others thought, and did not have an actual neurobehavioral condition. After all, he lived under the public eye as a child prodigy and was aggravated in life by the enormous demands of his father and society. A bit of strong language was simply a way for him to let out his frustrations, and to demonstrate his inner disrespect of the nobilities at the time.
© stamurai.com
Furthermore, the image of a respectable Mozart was probably just a creation of the late 1790s, where society was a little bit more conservative than it is today. It is said that the title of the “Kiss my ass” was changed to “Lasst uns froh sein” when published, meaning, “let’s be happy”. Mozart’s widow, Constanze, is also said to have ensured that Mozart’s letters would not be published immediately upon his death, and that obscene parts of Mozart’s letters would be eliminated in the very first edition.
Some even go on to say that the scatology in Mozart’s letter was simply typical of the conversation styles in southern Mavaria and Salzburg region at that time.
Yet, the case for Mozart’s Tourette syndrome was suggested for the first time at the World Congress of Psychiatry in Vienna in 1983, citing records that show that Mozart was prone to unpredictable and erratic behavior. For example, he had a tendency to trash hotel rooms and refuse to clean. He also had an impressive medical history of possible diseases, leading to the many mysteries surrounding both his life and death.
Nevertheless, the seemingly endless lists of Mozart’s neurobehavioral problems are only speculations. His life was after all very short, especially in today’s terms, so it will remain forever a mystery whether Mozart had a unique personality or an actual neurological disorder.
What we do know however, is that regardless of how foul-mouthed Mozart was, his music will continue to fill our concert halls, shopping malls, and even play on the phone while you are left on hold.
References:
Jankovic Ashoori and Joseph Aidin. (November, 2007). Mozart’s movements and behaviour: a case of Tourette’s syndrome? Accessed 3 September, 2013 at National Center for Biotechnology Information: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2117611/
Kammer Thomas. (2007). Mozart in the Neurological Department– Who has the Tic? Neurological Disorders in Famous Artists – Part 2 Frontiers in Neurology and Neurosciences, Vol 22, Basel, Karger, Page 184-192.
Kenyon Nicholas. (16 September, 2005). Myth, Muzak and Mozart. Accessed 5 September 2013 at The Guardian: http://www.theguardian.com/music/2005/sep/16/classicalmusicandopera.mozart
National Institutes of Health. (January 2012). National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Accessed 17 September 2013 at Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet: https://www.ninds.nih.gov/tourette-syndrome-fact-sheet
From Mozart’s Death to The Nutcracker: Daily Classical Music Anniversaries for December
by Emily E. Hogstad
It’s the month when Beethoven’s Fifth and Sixth Symphonies were heard for the first time in a freezing Viennese hall – the month when Tchaikovsky’s Nutcracker dazzled St. Petersburg audiences – and the month when Bach’s Christmas Oratorio first stunned Leipzig churchgoers on Christmas Day.
The Nutcracker with Charlotte Nebres as Clara, 2019 (photo by Erin Baiano / New York City Ballet)
It’s also the month that saw the birth of Maria Callas, Jean Sibelius, and Olivier Messiaen…as well as the death of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, whose death on 5 December 1791 marked one of the greatest losses in the history of music.
Today, we’re looking at some of the most important December anniversaries in classical music history.
1 December 1944
Premiere of Bartók’s Concerto for Orchestra
Béla Bartók
This Concerto for Orchestra by exiled composer Béla Bartók first burst to life in Boston on this day in 1944.
World war was raging, and Bartók was terminally ill. Yet despite that, Bartók succeeded in creating one of the greatest musical masterpieces of the twentieth century.
We wrote an article about Bartók’s heartbreaking final illness and the conditions under which he wrote the Concerto.
2 December 1923
Birth of Maria Callas
Maria Callas sings an excerpt from Norma
Born in New York to Greek parents, Maria Callas grew up to become the operatic diva of the twentieth century, making countless classic recordings and inspiring multiple biopics.
We wrote an article about the obstacles Maria Callas overcame in her life, including her turbulent love life, a fraught relationship with her mother, and a painful battle with her weight.
3 December 1721
Marriage of Johann Sebastian Bach and Anna Magdalena Wilcke Bach
Excerpts from Bach’s Notebook for Anna Magdalena Bach
When he was 36, Johann Sebastian Bach wed the gifted young court soprano Anna Magdalena Wilcke, who was 20.
So began a personal and professional partnership that would shape classical music history for centuries to come.
Anna Magdalena Bach
We wrote here about what happened to the thirteen (!) children born during their marriage, as well as the surviving children from Bach’s first marriage.
4 December 1881
Premiere of Tchaikovsky’s Violin Concerto
Tchaikovsky’s violin concerto was a bit of a flop when it made its Vienna debut on this day in 1881, but nowadays it’s one of the most beloved concertos ever written, for any instrument.
We wrote here about the secret gay love affair that helped to inspire the concerto after Tchaikovsky’s disastrous marriage.
5 December 1791
Death of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Mozart’s short, incandescent life ended in Vienna when he was just 35 years old. His unfinished Requiem would be his final work.
Henry Nelson O’Neil: The Last Hours of Mozart, 1860s
We went into the details of how Mozart’s health deteriorated and what it was like at his deathbed.
6 December 1933
Birth of Henryk Górecki
Born in a poor Silesian village in 1933, Górecki would grow up to become a major composer.
His Symphony of Sorrowful Songs became a blockbuster hit in the 1970s. We wrote about the extraordinary story behind the symphony, and how it accidentally became a classic.
7 December 1842
First concert of the Philharmonic Society of New York
In early December 1842, the Philharmonic Society of New York launched what would become America’s oldest symphony orchestra, today known as the New York Philharmonic.
8 December 1865
Birth of Jean Sibelius
Jean Sibelius grew up to create the sound world of an entire nation: his beloved Finland.
His musical portrayals of snowy horizons and fierce defiance, colored by moments of triumph and tragedy, are unforgettable.
Jean Sibelius, 1923
Find out how Sibelius grew into Finland’s greatest composer.
9 December 1745
Birth of Maddalena Laura Lombardini Sirmen
A Venetian violin virtuosa trained by the famous Baroque violinist Giuseppe Tartini, Lombardini Sirmen composed and toured Europe to acclaim, proving that an eighteenth-century woman could hold her own against the composers and soloists of her day.
Her first violin concerto was praised by none other than Mozart’s father.
We wrote an article with thirteen intriguing facts about Lombardini Sirmen’s life and music.
10 December 1908
Birth of Olivier Messiaen
Olivier Messiaen
French composer Olivier Messiaen wrote timeless music that incorporates birdcalls, a veritable rainbow of instrumental colours, and his staunch Catholic faith into radiant soundscapes.
We wrote a beginner’s guide to Messiaen.
11 December 1803
Birth of Hector Berlioz, La Côte-Saint-André
Franck: Hector Berlioz, 1860s (Gallica, ark:/12148/btv1b84542182)
Hector Berlioz was born in provincial La Côte-Saint-André, France.
His groundbreaking orchestration and dramatic storytelling helped shape the Romantic Era, and his terrifying obsession with actress Harriet Smithson gave birth to his famous Symphonie fantastique.
We looked at why Berlioz was considered to be such a rebellious enfant terrible.
12 December 1891
Premiere of Johannes Brahms’s Clarinet Quintet
Johannes Brahms’s Clarinet Quintet, Op. 115 is one of his final and most introspective works: a bittersweet masterclass in melancholy.
We looked at a performance of Brahms’ Clarinet quintet by the Jerusalem Quartet and clarinettist Sharon Kam.
13 December 1812
Death of Marianna Martines
Viennese composer Marianna Martines died on this day at age 63.
A student of Haydn and admired by Mozart, she was one of the few women composers to gain recognition in eighteenth-century Vienna.
We looked at Marianna Martines’s extraordinary life story and how she was able to compete with the great male composers in her orbit.
14 December 1789
Birth of Maria Szymanowska
Maria Szymanowska
Maria Szymanowska was a pioneering concert pianist and composer whose distinctly Polish style anticipated the idiom of poetic pianism later perfected by Chopin.
We explained here why Maria Szymanowska was so ahead of her time, and why Goethe called her “a great talent bordering on madness.”
15 December 1924
Birth of Ida Haendel
Haendel plays the Sibelius violin concerto
Violinist Ida Haendel was born in Chelm, Poland, on this day in 1924.
A child prodigy who debuted with a number of major orchestras before she turned ten, she sustained one of the longest classical music careers of the century.
She credited her survival of World War II to her musical talents.
We celebrated Ida Haendel and her trademark big hair and high heels.
16 December 1882
Birth of Zoltán Kodály
Zoltán Kodály conducting
Composer and educator Zoltán Kodály was born in Kecskemét, Hungary, on this day in 1882.
Renowned for his choral works and passion for music education, he helped shape Hungary’s modern musical identity, and his pedagogical ideas are still widely embraced today.
Learn more about Kodály’s childhood.
17 December 1770
Baptism of Ludwig van Beethoven
Beethoven’s Symphony No. 7
Ludwig van Beethoven was baptised in Bonn. We observe the date of his baptism because we don’t know for sure which day he was born, although many people believe it would have been December sixteenth.
Of course, we all know that he became the most influential composer of his generation!
We looked at the story of Beethoven’s tragic childhood, and how he survived disturbing parental abuse.
18 December 1892
Premiere of Tchaikovsky’s The Nutcracker ballet
The Nutcracker
Tchaikovsky’s ballet The Nutcracker and opera Iolanta premiered as a double bill at the Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg in 1892, the year before his death.
Both works quickly became staples of the repertoire.
We wrote about The Nutcracker’s premiere and why it is helping to ensure future classical music audiences.
19 December 1888
Birth of Fritz Reiner
Conductor Fritz Reiner was born in Budapest in 1888.
His controlling precision on the podium helped to define the Chicago Symphony Orchestra’s sound during his tenure there as music director…and made him a few enemies along the way.
We wrote an article discussing Reiner’s rocky relationship with his principal cellist János Starker.
20 December 1948
Birth of Mitsuko Uchida
Mitsuko Uchida plays Mozart’s Piano Concerto No. 20
Japanese pianist Mitsuko Uchida was born in Tokyo on this day in 1948.
Celebrated for her insightful interpretations of Mozart, Schubert, and Beethoven, she is one of today’s leading interpreters of the classical canon.
We wrote an article about Uchida’s childhood and how she became so passionate about the piano.
21 December 1953
Birth of András Schiff
Pianist and conductor András Schiff was born in Budapest on this day in 1953.
Known for his thoughtful musicianship and deep commitment to Bach and Beethoven, he remains one of the most respected pianists of his generation.
We wrote about why András Schiff is one of the greatest pianists of all time.
22 December 1808
Premieres of Beethoven’s Symphonies No. 5 and No. 6, Piano Concerto No. 4, and Choral Fantasy
During Christmas break in 1808, at Vienna’s luxurious Theater an der Wien, Beethoven conducted a marathon concert featuring the premieres of his Fifth and Sixth Symphonies, the Fourth Piano Concerto, and the Choral Fantasy—all in a single evening.
It is likely the most famous concert in classical music history.
We looked at how Beethoven pulled off this multi-hour monster concert.
23 December 1893
Premiere of Humperdinck’s Hänsel und Gretel
Engelbert Humperdinck’s opera Hänsel und Gretel premiered in Weimar under the baton of composer Richard Strauss. The work became an enduring Christmas favourite.
We wrote about what makes Hänsel und Gretel this Christmas classic so charming.
24 December 1835
Birth of Cosima Liszt Wagner
Richard Wagner and Cosima von Bülow Wagner
Cosima Liszt, daughter of Franz Liszt and later wife of Richard Wagner, was born on Lake Como on Christmas Eve in 1835.
She would become the formidable custodian of Wagner’s legacy at Bayreuth, and although she wasn’t a composer herself, one of the most influential women in nineteenth and even twentieth-century music.
Find out the unforgettable way that Wagner celebrated Cosima’s birthday in style in 1870.
25 December 1734
Premiere of Bach’s Christmas Oratorio, Part I
Elias Gottlob Haussmann: J.S. Bach, 1746 (Leipzig: Bach-Archiv)
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The first part of Bach’s six-part Christmas Oratorio was premiered in Leipzig in 1734.
This first part celebrates the birth of Jesus.
26 December 1926
Premiere of Sibelius’s Tapiola
One of Jean Sibelius’s final orchestral masterpieces, Tapiola, premiered in New York in 1926.
The work’s haunting soundscape reflected the composer’s imminent – and infamous – soft retirement, which would last for decades, until the end of his life.
We wrote an article called Ten Pieces to Make You Love Sibelius.
27 December 1944
Death of Amy Beach
Amy Beach
Trailblazing American composer Amy Beach was best known for her Gaelic Symphony (the first woman-written symphony ever played by a major American orchestra) and numerous gorgeous piano works.
We wrote about Amy Beach’s fascinating life – and her staggering early genius.
28 December 1916
Death of Eduard Strauss
Eduard Strauss
Eduard Strauss, the younger and last-surviving brother of Johann Strauss II, died at age 81.
His passing marked the end of the original Strauss family line of waltz composers.
We told the story of the wildly dysfunctional Strauss family dynasty.
29 December 1876
Birth of Pablo (Pau) Casals
Cellist Pablo Casals was born in El Vendrell, Catalonia.
His firm stance against twentieth-century fascism and his revival of Bach’s Cello Suites made him a moral as well as musical icon.
We wrote about why it was a miracle that Casals survived his childhood.
30 December 1904
Birth of Dmitry Kabalevsky
Dmitry Kabalevsky
Soviet composer Dmitry Kabalevsky was born in St. Petersburg on this day in 1904.
He became known for his accessible style and dedication to music education during the Soviet era.
31 December 1962
Birth of Jennifer Higdon
A Pulitzer and Grammy winner, Jennifer Higdon is one of the most frequently performed American composers of the twenty-first century.
Back in 2019 we talked with her about her string quartet Voices appearing at the Intimacy of Creativity festival.
Conclusion
From Bach’s Christmas Oratorio to Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony and Tchaikovsky’s Nutcracker, December is filled with classical music anniversaries that changed the course of music history.
The month brings together composer birthdays, landmark premieres, and tragic deaths.
Each and every anniversary is an opportunity to remember how rich the legacy of the art is…and how much it has to give to future generations.
What do you find to be the most meaningful December anniversary in classical music history?
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