Harrison Birtwistle, ‘giant’ of contemporary classical music, dies aged 87

Harrison Birtwistle, ‘giant’ of contemporary classical music, dies aged 87. Picture: Alamy

By Maddy Shaw Roberts, ClassicFM London

 

Harrison Birtwistle was one of Britain’s most celebrated contemporary classical composers.

The groundbreaking British composer Harrison Birtwistle, who won international acclaim for his 1972 composition The Triumph of Time and 2008 opera The Minotaur, has died aged 87.

Birtwistle’s publisher Boosey & Hawkes confirmed that the composer died at his home in Mere, southwest England on Monday 18 April. No cause of death was given.

The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra described Birtwistle as a “true musical colossus” whose “music shook the Earth”.

Birtwistle wrote in a plethora of musical forms, including chamber pieces, operas and one film score, The Offence (1973) starring Sean Connery, and had works staged by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Royal Opera House and English National Opera.

His opera The Minotaur, which premiered at the Royal Opera House, was hailed by The Guardian in 2019 as the third-best piece of the 21st century.

The Queen receives Sir Harrison Birtwistle to invest him with the Insignia of a Companion of Honour at Buckingham Palace. Picture: Alamy

Born in Accrington, Lancashire in 1934, Birtwistle went on to study clarinet and composition at the Royal Manchester College of Music (now Royal Northern College of Music) alongside his contemporary, Peter Maxwell Davies. In 1965, Birtwistle sold his clarinets and turned his attentions solely to composition.

The great modernist became musical director of the Royal National Theatre in London from 1975 to 1983, was knighted in 1988 and made a Companion of Honour in 2001, after seven years spent as Henry Purcell Professor of Composition at King’s College London.

Birtwistle, whose musical influences included Stravinsky, Olivier Messiaen and Erik Satie, was uncompromising and utterly unique in his compositional style. His best-known works, which include the 1998 Exody premiered by Chicago Symphony Orchestra under Daniel Barenboim, employ complex rhythms and unconventional harmony, which both delighted and divided listeners.

Staunchly non-conforming in both his music and his manner, Birtwistle once told a room of pop musicians at the Ivor Novello awards: “Why is your music so f****** loud?”, while accepting his 2006 award. “You must all be brain dead. Maybe you are. I didn’t know so many cliches existed until the last half-hour. Have fun. Goodbye.”

Pierre Boulez, one of the modernist’s greatest admirers, said: “Birtwistle’s music has a great power to convince.”

In tribute to the late musical great, British composer Thomas Adès cited the composer, saying: “Harrison Birtwistle once said of Messiaen ‘when he dies the whole house of cards will fall down’. I feel a bit like it has fallen today.”

The English National Opera, which staged Birtwistle’s The Mask of Orpheus in 1986, said: “Everyone at the ENO is heartbroken to learn of the death of Sir Harrison Birtwistle. His musical influence was unparalleled and we were proud to recently collaborate with him on The Mask of Orpheus.”

In 2014, Birtwistle was awarded his fifth Royal Philharmonic Society music award, making him the most RPS-honoured musician in history. “There was force and potency in every note he wrote,” the RPS wrote. “We will listen in awe to his works for decades to come.”

Birtwistle’s wife Sheila Duff died in 2012, and he is survived by his three sons and six grandchildren.

Edward Elgar - His Music and His Life

Edward Elgar was born on June 2, 1857 in Broadheath nearby Worcester/Great Britain.

Elgar, a son of a musician trader and storekeeper, studied music most through self-education and an incredible unique self-confidence. His first compositions have been published in 1883.

Two years later, Elgar became his father's successor as organist at their local church. In 1899 and the following century's turn remained as Elgar's most successful and productive period in life:

- Enigma Variations for Orchestra, opus 36;

- Oratorio Gerontius' Dream, opus 38.

Edward Elgar received innumerable ennoble praises from 1924's Master of the King's Music up to 1931's Baronet. Since Henry Purcell (1659-1695), no British classical composer had been feted and praised as much as Sir Edward Elgar.

He met his eventual demise on February 23, 1934 in Worcester.

Richard Addinsell - His Music and His Life

Born: 1904
Died: 1977
Nationality: British

Educated at the Royal College of Music, he began his career contributing songs to revues and incidental music for the stage, forming a notable partnership with the playwright Clemence Dane. He is best remembered now as a composer for British cinema, his career in that medium beginning in 1936 and achieving early and widespread recognition with his score for the Oscar-winning Goodbye, Mr Chips in 1939. He went on to work in revue with the legendary comedienne Joyce Grenfell (1910--79), writing songs with her for West End shows like Tuppence Coloured (1947) and Penny Plain (1951). 

Undoubtedly his most successful work was to be the Warsaw Concerto, for piano and orchestra in the grand heroic style of Rachmaninov, the most memorable feature of the film Dangerous Moonlight (1941). But his fluent and versatile writing was to prove highly suitable to a whole era of British films of the mid-twentieth century, in many instances, as in all the best film scores, contributing independently to the popular success of the film. Addinsell was a match for many cinematic genres: historic drama (Fire over England, 1937, Tom Brown's Schooldays, 1950, Beau Brummel, 1954)), psychological (Gaslight, 1940), contemporary (Love on the Dole, 1941, Life at the Top, 1965) or even comedy (The Prince and the Showgirl, 1957, Waltz of the Toreadors, 1962). He was hugely influential on a generation of British film composers and established a quality and style of full scale orchestral writing that was never bettered.

Benjamin Britten - His Music and His Life

Benjamin Britten was an English composer, conductor and pianist whose name has gone down in history as one of the best musicians of the past century. Dissatisfaction with the music of contemporary England led Britten to model himself on the works of other musicians from the continent. It must have been this dissatisfaction that must have enabled Britten to transcend genres of music like very few others. Even when the inspiration to his music lied elsewhere, his music had a freshness and identity that separated him from contemporary musicians and pushed him in to a league of his own. His works are also considered a refreshing change from the dullness that had seemed to dominate orchestral music of England in late 19th and early 20th century. Explore more about the life and work of this legendary musician in this biography that encapsulates everything from his childhood to death in detail.

Benjamin Britten’s Childhood and Early Life 

 

Benjamin Britten was born Edward Benjamin Britten in Lowestoft, Suffolk County, England on November 22, 1913, on St. Cecilia’s Day, to Robert and Edith Britten, as the youngest of four children. Robert was a dentist while Edith was an amateur musician. She was Benjamin’s first teacher and gave him his first piano lessons. Even when a child Britten showed prodigious talents and composed at a rate that was astounding. His juvenile compositions were more than 800. His first piano lessons with a teacher were at the age of seven. He started viola lessons with Audrey Alston at the age of 10. He later dedicated one of his works to her. It was through her that Britten came to the notice of Frank Bridge, eminent composer and violist. Impressed by his talents, Bridge agreed to tutor him in composition. Bridge remained an influential figure in the life of Britten who went on to champion his teacher’s works. Britten even wrote a work titled ‘Variations on a Theme of Frank Bridge’ dedicated to his teacher.

 

Education: From a Child Prodigy to Master

 

In 1930, Britten joined the Royal College of Music where he studied composition under John Ireland and piano under Arthur Benjamin. He studied there until 1933. It was during this period that he met composers from the continent like Stravinsky, Gustav Mahler, and Dmitry Shostakovich. Stravinsky would also become a major influence on Britten. Britten had commented that Stravinsky was the first musician since the era of Beethoven who freed himself from the creation of self–centered music. The compositions of note from this period were ‘A Hymn to the Virgin’ and ‘A Boy was Born’, the former an opera and the latter choral variations.

 

As a Professional

 

Britten’s father’s death meant that he had to come up with his own source of income. To this purpose, he started composing music for television documentaries and films. This stood him in good stead as he could easily incorporate elements from film music into works classical in nature. During his earliest works for the BBC, he came in contact with W.H. Auden with whom he worked a few more times. It was also during one such project with the BBC in 1937 that he came in contact with Peter Pears. Pears, who went on to become his music collaborator and life partner, was a tenor for whom Britten wrote most of his solo music. In the same year, he composed his ‘Variations on a Theme of Frank Bridge’. This work brought him international acclaim.

 

Britten was against war of all kinds. Following his role as a pacifist during the Second World War and his general disillusionment with war, he decided to move to America with Auden and Pears in 1939. While in America, he composed ‘The Seven Sonnets of Michelangelo’, his first song cycle for Pears. He also wrote his first music drama, ‘Paul Bunyan’. A growing disillusionment at not having what he hoped for in America forced Britten to rethink about his settlement there. He and Pears moved back to England in 1942.

 

Back in England, Britten’s reputation started burgeoning with works like ‘Hymns to St. Cecilia’, ‘Peter Grimes’ being huge successes from the 1940’s. Towards the end of this decade, due to the uneasy relationships at the musical scene in London, he created the English Opera Group in 1947. He established the Aldeburgh Festival in 1948 where he performed his works. The festival went on to become so huge that it attracted performers from all over the world.

 

Throughout the 1950’s and 1960’s, Britten came up with many works that were huge successes. The operas ‘Billy Budd’ and ‘The Turn of the Screw’, the ballet ‘The Prince of the Pagodas’ were notable works of the 1950’s. In 1953, Britten was appointed a Companion of Honor. He continued to produce works of greatness in the 1960’s including ‘War Requiem’ in 1962. Other notable works of this period include ‘The Prodigal Son’ and ‘The Burning Fiery Furnace’ among others. It was also in this decade, in 1965, that he was honored by his appointment to the Order of Merit.

 

Death

 

The last decade of his life, the 1970’s, saw his health deteriorating. The frequency of the works came down, though he did manage to produce work with enough recall value. ‘Owen Wingrave’, ‘Death in Venice’, ‘A Time there Was’ were among his works from this period. He accepted Life Peerage in 1976, and became Baron Britten. Only months later, he died of heart failure at his home in Aldeburgh. He is buried next to his partner Peter Pears in St. Peter and St. Paul’s Church cemetery in Aldeburgh.

Henry Purcell - His Music and His Life

The British Henry Purcell was born 1659 in London. He became a Westminster Abbey organist, joined the Royal Orchestra and started as Royal Court Composer in 1683.

Purcell's compositions showed "early English classic music's apex". He composed more then 50 drama plays - among them were Shakespeare's "Richard II", "Storm" or "A midnight's summer dream".

The opera "Dido and Aeneas" (1689) was a simple casual job for a girls boarding school but became a real "great opera" with an overture in French style, a prologue and three acts. "Dido and Aeneas" was his summit and also the end of the so-called Early English Opera.

His "King Arthur" (written in 1691) and "Fairy Queen" (written one year later) premiered only 1964 (!) in Germany.

Purcell's composition work contains welcome songs, anthems, suites for strings and much more. Purcell passed away in London on November 21, 1695.