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Showing posts with label Liszt. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Liszt. Show all posts

Monday, April 21, 2025

Top 10 Romantic composers


Gramophone
Thursday, January 2, 2025

The Romantic period was one of the most innovative in music history, characterised by lyrical melodies, rich harmonies, and emotive expression. Here's our beginner's guide to the greatest composers of the Romantic period

Hector Berlioz (1803-69)

The arch-Romantic composer, Hector Berlioz’s life was all you’d expect – by turn turbulent and passionate, ecstatic and melancholic.

Key recording:

Les Troyens 

Sols incl DiDonato, Spyres, Lemieux; Strasbourg Philharmonic Orchestra / John Nelson (Gramophone's 2018 Recording of the Year) Read the review

Explore Berlioz:

Top 10 Berlioz albums – 10 great Berlioz recordings by Sir Colin Davis, John Nelson, Régine Crespin, Robin Ticciati and more


● Top 10 Baroque composers

● Top 10 Classical era composers

● Top 10 Renaissance composers


Fryderyck Chopin (1810-49)

Few composers command such universal love as Fryderyck Chopin; even fewer still have such a high proportion of all their music in the active repertoire. Yet he is the only great composer who wrote no symphonies, operas, ballets or choral works. His chief claim to immortality relies not on large scale works but on miniature forms.

Key recording:

Piano Concertos No 1 & 2 

Martha Argerich pf Montreal Symphony Orchestra / Charles Dutoit (winner of the Gramophone Concerto Award in 1999) Read the review

Explore Chopin:

The 10 greatest Chopin pianists – Stephen Plaistow recalls the illustrious recorded history of Chopin's oeuvre and offers a personal view of great Chopin interpreters.


Robert Schumann (1810-56)

Robert Schumann is a key figure in the Romantic movement; none investigated the Romantic’s obsession with feeling and passion quite so thoroughly as him. Schumann died insane, but then some psychologists argue that madness is a necessary attribute of genius.

Key recording:

Symphonies Nos 1-4 

Chamber Orchestra of Europe / Yannick Nézet‑Séguin (Editor's Choice, May 2014) Read the review

Explore Schumann:

Robert Schumann: the story of his prolific ‘year of song’ – Richard Wigmore explores the music of and biography behind Robert Schumann’s miraculous year of song, 1840


Franz Liszt (1811-86)

Composer, teacher, Abbé, Casanova, writer, sage, pioneer and champion of new music, philanthropist, philosopher and one of the greatest pianists in history, Franz Liszt was the very embodiment of the Romantic spirit. He worked in every field of music except ballet and opera and to each field he contributed a significant development.

Key recording:

'Transcendental: Daniil Trifonov plays Franz Liszt'

Daniil Trifonov pf (Recording of the Month, October 2016; shortlisted for Instrumental Award 2017) Read the review

Explore Liszt:

Podcast: exploring the music of Liszt – Editor Martin Cullingford is joined by Gramophone writer and expert on both Liszt and the piano, Jeremy Nicholas to discuss the composers's greatest works, and the greatest recordings of his music. 


Richard Wagner (1813-83)

No composer has had so deep an influence on the course of his art, before or since. Entrepreneur, philosopher, poet, conductor, one of the key composers in history and most remarkable men of the 19th century, Richard Wagner knew he was a genius. He was also an unpleasant, egocentric and unscrupulous human being.

Key recording:

Parsifal

Sols incl Jess Thomas, George London, Hans Hotter; Bayreuth Festival Chorus & Orchestra / Hans Knappertsbusch Read the review

Explore Wagner:

The Gramophone Collection: Wagner's Ring – Mike Ashman visits the musical immortals and the younger gods of today to deliver his verdict on the complete Ring on record.


Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901)

Giuseppe Verdi was never a theoretician or academic, though he was quite able to write a perfectly poised fugue if he felt inclined. What makes him, with Puccini, the most popular of all opera composers is the ability to dream up glorious melodies with an innate understanding of the human voice, to express himself directly, to understand how the theatre works, and to score with technical brilliance, colour and originality.

Key recording:

Aida

Sols incl Anja Harteros, Jonas Kaufmann, Ekaterina Semenchuk; Coro dell'Accademia Nazionale Di Santa Cecilia, Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia / Antonio Pappano (winner of the 2016 Gramophone Opera Award; Recording of the Month, Awards issue 2015) Read the review

Explore Verdi:

Verdi's Otello: a guide to the best recordings – Richard Lawrence finds at least three very special Otellos, and some electric conducting.


Anton Bruckner (1824-96)

Anton Bruckner’s reputation rests almost entirely with his symphonies – the symphonies, someone said, that Wagner never wrote.

Key recording:

Symphony No 9

Lucerne Festival Orchestra / Claudio Abbado (Gramophone's 2015 Recording of the Year) Read the review

Explore Bruckner:

Top 10 Bruckner recordings – A beginner's guide to the music of one of the great symphonic composers.


Giacomo Puccini (1858-1924)

Whatever the atmosphere he wanted to create, Giacomo Puccini’s sound world is unique and unmistakeable with its opulent yet clear-cut orchestration and a miraculous fund of melodies with their bittersweet, tender lyricism. His masterly writing for the voice guarantees the survival of his music for many years to come.

Key recording:

Tosca

Sols incl Maria Callas, Giuseppe di Stefano, Tito Gobbi; Orchestra and Chorus of La Scala Milan / Victor de Sabata Read the review

Explore Puccini:

Maria Callas: the Tosca sessions – Maria Callas’s famous 1953 Tosca, as Christopher Cook reveals for the first time, was riven by tension and driven by a relentless quest for perfection.


Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky (1840-93)

Tchaikovsky is the most popular of all Russian composers, his music combining some nationalist elements with a more cosmopolitan view, but it is music that could only have been written by a Russian. In every genre he shows himself to be one of the greatest melodic fountains who ever lived.

Key recording:

Symphony No 6, Pathétique

MusicAeterna / Teodor Currentzis (Recording of the Month, January 2018) Read the review

Explore Tchaikovsky:

Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture: the complete guide – How audiences, performers and the composer himself have responded to this iconic and surprisingly controversial work, by Geoffrey Norris.


Johannes Brahms (1833-97)

One of the giants of classical music, Johannes Brahms appeared to arrive fully armed, found a style in which he was comfortable – traditional structures and tonality in the German idiom – and stuck to it throughout his life. He was no innovator, preferring the logic of the symphony, sonata, fugue and variation forms.

Key recording:

Symphonies (Complete)

Gewandhaus Orchestra / Riccardo Chailly (Gramophone's 2014 Recording of the Year) Read the review

Explore Brahms:

Brahms's Symphony No 3: a guide to the best recordings – Richard Osborne surveys the finest recordings of the Third Symphony

Friday, January 10, 2025

Seven Works Dedicated to Robert Schumann

  

Robert Schumann was one of the leading figures of classical music’s Romantic Era. His music – by turns tempestuous and ecstatic and always heartfelt – made a huge impression not only on audiences but on his fellow composers, too.

Today, we’re looking at seven works that Robert Schumann’s friends and colleagues wrote as tributes to him and his genius.

Josef Kriehuber: Robert Schumann, 1839

Josef Kriehuber: Robert Schumann, 1839

Frédéric Chopin: Ballade No. 2 (1836-39) 

Frédéric Chopin and Robert Schumann had a bit of an awkward relationship. Schumann raved about Chopin’s music in his music journalism, but Chopin seems to have had a cooler opinion about Schumann’s work.

They met twice. The first time was in 1835 when Chopin was passing through Leipzig after visiting his parents. Schumann wrote about the encounter with great enthusiasm in his diary, but if Chopin ever recorded his impressions of the meeting, such an account hasn’t survived.

Frédéric Chopin

Frédéric Chopin

The second and final time was in 1836. Schumann tried initiating the meeting via letter but got no response. Then, one day, he arrived home to find Chopin waiting at his doorstep! They played music for one another, and Robert’s soon-to-be-wife Clara Wieck joined them.

After the visit, Schumann dedicated his Kreisleriana to Chopin, calling him “my friend” on the dedication page. Chopin reciprocated by dedicating this Ballade to Schumann…but was much more formal, dedicating it to “Mr. Robert Schumann,” and (perhaps pointedly) making no mention of friendship.

William Sterndale Bennett: Fantaisie, Op.16 (1837) 

William Sterndale Bennett was a British pianist, composer, and conductor who was born in 1816.

He began composing at an early age, and several big names in European music were very impressed by him. Felix Mendelssohn invited the young man to Leipzig, where he met Robert Schumann. All three men deeply admired each other’s work.

William Sterndale Bennett

William Sterndale Bennett

In 1837, the year he turned twenty-one, Bennett began teaching at the Royal Academy of Music in London. He also wrote this four-movement “Fantaisie” for solo piano and dedicated it to his friend and mentor Robert Schumann.

Clara Wieck Schumann: 3 Romances, Op.11 (1839) 

Robert Schumann admired many composers, but the one he loved the most was his girlfriend and later wife, Clara Wieck Schumann, who he married in September 1840, a day before her twenty-first birthday.

Andreas Staub: Clara Wieck, 1839

Andreas Staub: Clara Wieck, 1839

Their courtship was stormy. Her father disapproved of the match and went to court to try to prevent it. There were periods of time when the two were separated against their wills or when Clara was away concertising in the capitals of Europe. But they always found their way back to each other.

It is tempting to read her longing for Robert into these three-yearning works for solo piano that she dedicated to him in 1839, the year before their marriage.

Ignaz Moscheles: Cello Sonata No. 2 (1850-51) 

Ignaz Moscheles was born in 1794 in Prague. He was a talented pianist and composer, and was one of the earliest champions of the music of Beethoven.

As a young man, he made sensational impressions on audiences touring through Europe. One of the listeners particularly affected by his piano playing was none other than Robert Schumann.

Ignaz Moscheles

Ignaz Moscheles

Moscheles enjoyed a great friendship with the Mendelssohn family due to their Jewish heritage, passion for music, and Moscheles’s acknowledgement of Mendelssohn’s genius. Moscheles and the Mendelssohns were also friends with the Schumanns. (Moscheles even played a three-harpsichord concerto with Clara Schumann once – an unusual sight in the mid-nineteenth century!)

Given their overlapping friendships, it makes sense that Moscheles dedicated this charming Romantic cello sonata to Robert Schumann.

Woldemar Bargiel: Piano Trio No. 1 (1851) 

German composer Woldemar Bargiel’s origin story was complicated.

Bargiel’s mother Mariane Tromlitz was a professional singer. In 1816, she married a demanding piano teacher named Friederich Wieck and had five children with him, among them a prodigy pianist named Clara.

In 1824, unable to endure her marriage any longer, Mariane divorced Wieck and (awkwardly) married Wieck’s best friend Adolphe Bargiel instead. She eventually had three more children with Adolphe, including Woldemar.

Woldemar Bargiel

Woldemar Bargiel

It worked out well for the young and musical Woldemar to have a brilliant half-sister pianist nine years his senior. She gave career advice and provided him introductions to giants like Mendelssohn and Schumann. Their social circle suggested that he study at the Leipzig Conservatory, which he did between the ages of eighteen and twenty.

In 1848, he moved to Berlin to pursue his career there. This piano trio was written in 1851 and was unpublished for five years until Robert and Clara Schumann worked their connections so that it could be printed. In gratitude, he dedicated it to Robert.

Franz Liszt: Piano Sonata in B-minor (1852-53) 

Clara Wieck Schumann and Franz Liszt had a rocky professional relationship. It started out positively. When she was a young girl, she was awed by his virtuosity, and for his part, Liszt found her compositions impressive, “especially for a woman,” as he reported to his partner, Marie d’Agoult.

Franz Hanfstaengl: Franz Liszt, 1858

Franz Hanfstaengl: Franz Liszt, 1858

But as the years went on, Clara became more and more leery of his brash style and willingness to depart from the score.

An all-out feud erupted in 1848 when Liszt called Robert Schumann’s Piano Quintet “typically Leipzig”, which insulted Clara. But Robert smoothed things over, to Clara’s irritation; in her artistic maturity, she didn’t want anything to do with Liszt’s style of music-making.

In 1854, Liszt published this piano sonata and dedicated it to Robert Schumann. Not surprisingly, Clara had a strong reaction, writing in her journal:

Today, Liszt sent me a Sonata dedicated to Robert and some more pieces, together with a polite note. But those pieces are so creepy! Brahms played them to me and I felt really miserable … This is only blind noise – no more healthy thoughts, everything is confused, one cannot see any clear harmonies! And, what is more, I still have to thank him now – this is really awful.

Despite her disgust, Liszt cheerfully retained his admiration for her music and her playing.

Clara Wieck Schumann: Variationen über ein Thema von Robert Schumann, Op.20 (1853) 

It’s fitting that the final work on this list is another one of Clara’s.

This set of variations on a theme originally composed by Robert was written as his 41st birthday present. She wrote it in less than a week.

In this work, Clara includes references to multiple pieces of music by her husband, herself, and Felix Mendelssohn (who had died young and unexpectedly a few years before).

Eduard Magnus: Mendelssohn, 1846

Eduard Magnus: Mendelssohn, 1846

It was one of the last musical projects they shared. Over the winter, Robert’s mental health deteriorated. In February 1854, he nearly died by suicide after jumping off a bridge into the Rhine River. It was determined that he needed to go to an asylum for his own safety. He died in the asylum in 1856. Clara would only be allowed to see him once more, shortly before his passing.

To comfort her, Johannes Brahms wrote his own variations for Clara based on this work after Robert had been institutionalised. It may not be dedicated to Robert officially, but it certainly was dedicated to him in spirit, so here it is as a bonus. We wrote about it here.

Friday, January 3, 2025

It’s All in the Stars

12 Greatest Composers of the Zodiac

By Hermione Lai, Interlude

In Western astrology, everything in the cosmos and here on Earth is tightly interconnected, and the movement of the celestial bodies determines outcomes here on Earth. Sun, moon, planets and even comets are observed across a circular map called the “zodiac.” That map divides the night sky into twelve segments named after various constellations. That’s just a fancy word for “a togetherness of stars,” and they are often interpreted as images of animals.

Venice Astrological Clock

Venice Astrological Clock

Astrology suggests that the position of celestial bodies at the time of birth can provide insight into the strengths and weaknesses, the natural inclination, and even the potential career path of individuals.

Some recent studies have shown that there is a correlation between brain function and astrological signs and that these signs can affect personalities and behaviour. We thought it might be fun to put this theory to the test by looking at the characteristics of the 12 Greatest Composers of the Zodiac.

Aries (The Ram)

Johann Sebastian Bach: Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 in G Major, BWV 1049 

Aries, the Ram, is indeed a very powerful sign, and the Sun transits this constellation between 20 March and 21 April. This astrological sign is ruled by Mars, the planet of war and energy, and people born under the sign of Aries, are said to be energetic, unstoppable, bold, devoted and encouraging. On a bad day, however, they tend to be proud and self-centred, stubborn, reckless, jealous, bossy and impulsive.

Elias Gottlob Haussmann: Johann Sebastian Bach, 1746

Elias Gottlob Haussmann: Johann Sebastian Bach, 1746

Johann Sebastian Bach was born on 31 March, and he could certainly be the Aries poster child. He was always fighting with authorities, and as he once said, “they caused a life of envy and hindrance.”

As we know, Bach had anger management issues, but he also had the capacity for tenderness. He had normal flaws and failings, which made him very approachable, but he had this unfathomably brilliant mind and a capacity to hear music and then deliver music that was beyond the capacity of pretty well any musician before or since. In short, Bach was unstoppable in his determination and his work ethic; he was a true Aries.

Taurus (The Bull)

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky: Nutcracker Suite Op. 71a 

Between 20 April and 20 May, the Great Bull of Heaven charges across the celestial sky. This powerful constellation is ruled by Venus, the planet of love, attraction, beauty, satisfaction, creativity and gratitude. Individuals born under this sign are supposedly firmly grounded and have the ability to see things from a practical and realistic perspective. Their tender nature makes them excellent cooks, gardeners, lovers, and artists.

Pyotr Il’ych Tchaikovsky

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

Born on 7 May 1840, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was indeed a keen gardener who “loved our Russian nature more than any other.” He had a fantastic personal garden in Klin, and he loved flowers. I am not sure if Tchaikovsky was a good cook, but he loved to eat “kulebyaka,” a kind of pie filled with fish and rice. And when it comes to the pleasure of the flesh, he certainly had an active sex life.

Tchaikovsky was artistically supremely gifted, with his music reflecting the rollercoaster ride of the human experience. Tchaikovsky tellingly wrote, “I have found nothing to ease my troubled soul. But I would go mad were it not for music.” Tchaikovsky took the criticism to heart, and he was prone to extended bouts of guilt, depression and self-pity.

Gemini (The Twins)

Richard Wagner: “Ride of the Valkyries” 

This third astrological sign, with the sun crossing the constellation of Gemini between 21 May and 21 June, represents mythological twins. While most signs have one very prominent trait, Gemini represents two different personalities in one. They are sociable, communicative and ready for fun, with a tendency to suddenly get serious, thoughtful and restless.

Richard Wagner

Richard Wagner

Richard Wagner was born on 22 May, and he was described as “the constant union between profound reflection and ebullient spontaneity. With him, excessive thinking had not dulled his vital spark, and whatever life’s vicissitudes, he never ceased to philosophise, combining a calculating, metaphysical intellect with the joy and eternal youth of a truly creative temperament.”

Wagner was quick to anger, quick to tears, quick to laughter, and quick to frenzy. He was highly intelligent and tended to be overly analytical. Gemini apparently struggled with commitment, and Wagner left his share of bludgeoned relationships in his wake. He loved to be the life of the party, and if we can trust contemporary reports, he just couldn’t stop talking. All in all, it seems that Richard Wagner fits the characteristics of being born under the tropic of Gemini rather well.

Cancer (The Crab)

Gustav Mahler: Song of the Earth, “Farewell” 

The sun crosses the astrological sign of Cancer between 22 June and 23 July. Individuals born under that sign are supposedly nesting people who take great pleasure in the comforts of home and family. Cancers are maternal, domestic, and love to nurture others. They are happiest when their home life is serene and harmonious.

Gustav Mahler, 1892

Gustav Mahler, 1892

Cancers value tradition, and they tend to wear their hearts on their sleeves. Frequently, they are more attached to the romantic ideal than to reality, and Gustav Mahler, born on 7 July, did enjoy an occasional feeling of optimism and euphoria. An astrologer wrote that if “Cancer was a nightmare, it would be one with family dynamics in it, highly psychological.”

Gustav Mahler was desperately in love with his wife Alma, and he had a couple of sessions with Sigmund Freud. He was incredibly possessive and jealous, not to mention clingy. As he wrote, “How much I love you, you my sun, I cannot tell you that with words. I can only lament to you my longing and love.” With these brief astrological predictions in mind, Mahler seems to fit the tropic of Cancer like a glove, don’t you think?

Leo (The Lion)

Claude Debussy: “Clair de Lune” 

If your birthday falls between 24 July and 23 August, you are born under the astrological sign of the Lion. As Leo season in the Northern Hemisphere starts at the height of Summer, the sun is the planetary ruler. People born under that sign radiate solar confidence and heart-felt courage.

The most famous composer born under the sign of Leo on 22 August is Claude Debussy. He had a highly complex personality, and he was not a socially outgoing or bold person. His lover Marguerite Vasnier writes: “He was very quick to take offence and extremely sensitive. The slightest thing put him in good humour or made him sullen or angry. He was very unsociable and never hid his displeasure as he did not often allow himself to be with strangers.”

Claude Debussy by Marcel Baschet, 1884

Claude Debussy by Marcel Baschet, 1884

Debussy had a sullen attitude towards life and was remarkably sensitive, uncomfortable, and quick to defend. As Debussy later explained, “That’s the way I’m made.” Once we add depression, two marriages, attempted suicides, secret affairs and an incident with a revolver, we find a personality always chasing for some elusive form of contentment. Debussy was essentially an introvert who hid behind his extroversion.

Virgo (The Maiden)

Antonín Dvořák: Symphony No. 9 “From the New World” 

Virgo, the Goddess of innocence and purity, gives her name to the astrological sign crossed by the sun between 24 August and 23 September. People born under that sign are always looking for goodness in humankind, and predictably, disappointment is not far behind.

Antonín Dvořák in 600

Dvořák in 1870

Their deep sense of humanity informs a personality that is said to be analytical, kind, hardworking and practical, but they tend to be highly critical of themselves and others. If they are disappointed once too often, they will distance themselves from other people. They would rather be out in nature than anywhere else, adoring the wilderness and nature’s creatures.

The poster child for the sign of Virgo might well be Antonín Dvořák, born on 8 September.

Nature played a major role in his life and his work. He took several nature walks each day, did a lot of gardening, planted trees, and kept pigeons. Nature was a powerful source of inspiration for Dvořák, and his “Symphony from the New World” evokes a sense of grand, unfolding vistas.

Libra (The Scales)

Franz Liszt: Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 

Libra, which falls between 24 September and 23 October, is the only zodiac sign not represented by a living creature. Instead, it depicts the weighing scales of the Greek goddess of justice. Associated with balance, individuals are said to be obsessed with symmetry and strive to create equilibrium in all areas of life.

Franz Liszt in 1870

Franz Liszt in 1870

This particular astrological sign is ruled by Venus, the planet that governs love, beauty and money. Libras adore high art, intellectualism, and connoisseurship. Frequently, they surround themselves with objects and environments that reflect their exquisite tastes. Supposedly, they love harmonious partnerships with fashionable mates and also make for excellent designers, decorators, art critics, and stylists.

My personal pick for this sign is Franz Liszt. He certainly fits the art critic category, and he used his hair to good effect. During the early part of his life, he was well known for his virtuosic displays, lavish tastes and a long line of “arm candy.” However, he was loyal to his friends and generous in support of young talent. Once you take away his flashy onstage persona, Liszt was almost painfully shy and devoutly religious in later life.

Scorpio (The Scorpion)

Niccolò Paganini: Caprice No. 24 in A minor 

Scorpio is the eighth sign of the zodiac and is said to govern the period from about 24 October to 21 November. Scorpios possess intense personalities and strong, passionate emotions. Seductive and beguiling, Scorpio is the sign most closely associated with sex. It’s not all about sensual pleasures, however, as Scorpios crave physical closeness and spiritual illumination.

My favourite Scorpio composer, Niccolò Paganini, was born in Genoa on 27 October.

Nicolo Paganini, by Richard James Lane

Nicolo Paganini, by Richard James Lane

He was a born leader with extraordinary drive and determination. Once he made up his mind to study the violin and discover new and hitherto unsuspected effects that would astound people, nothing would stand in his way.

He became obsessed with fame and money, and his relentless ambition translated into increasingly bizarre behaviour. With Paganini, it’s rather difficult to distinguish between fact and myth, and rumours abound. One thing for sure, Paganini was always concerned about appearances and the need to project success and self-satisfaction. This particular Scorpio demanded unconditional respect and attention.

Sagittarius (The Archer)

Ludwig van Beethoven: Piano Sonata No. 14, Op. 27, No. 2 “Moonlight”

Sagittarius is not an archer in the conventional way. Rather, he is actually a centaur, a creature notoriously wild, lusty, and violent when intoxicated. He rules the nightly sky between approximately 23 November and 22 December. Individuals born under this sign are curious and energetic, and their philosophical view motivates them to wander around the world in search of the meaning of life.

Joseph Willibrord Mähler: Beethoven, 1804–1905 (Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Wien)

Joseph Willibrord Mähler: Beethoven, 1804–1905 (Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Wien)

Since centaurs are half-man and half-horse, one can almost sense the contradictions governing this creature’s personality. There is no better example of a Sagittarius composer than Ludwig van Beethoven, who was baptised on 17 December. Beethoven wasn’t particularly well educated, but his strength of character produced powerful effects on those around him.

Supremely idealistic and eternally in search of tranquillity and freedom, he showed utter disdain for discipline and authority. Often impatient and tactless, he thought exceedingly highly of himself in artistic matters. And while he did accord the greatest respect to other artists, he had very little use for common humanity. And let’s not forget that as a true Sagittarian, he felt the presence of God in the beauty of nature.

Capricorn (The Goat)

Alexander Scriabin: Poem of Ecstasy 

The astrological sign Capricorn, which rules the skies between 22 December and 20 January, is governed by the planet Saturn. People born under this sign are said to exhibit strong and distinctive personality traits. Among the strengths, Capricorns are ambitious, determined, hard-working and very well organized. Yet, they can be overly critical, insufferable know-it-all, sarcastic, condescending, and always expecting the worst.

Alexander Scriabin

Alexander Scriabin

Alexander Scriabin was squarely born under the tropic of Capricorn, and his personality seems to reflect that fact. Described as a bizarre blend of the pragmatic and the preposterous, Scriabin did have affectionate family ties and a pedantic way of organising his schedule and travels.

Scriabin suffered from hallucinations, and he was certainly narcissistic. Convinced of his personal power and self-importance, he envisaged something apocalyptic, whereby the whole of humanity would be intoxicated by his music and mesmerized by his God-like magnetism and omnipotence. I am not entirely sure that this would accurately describe the average person born under the tropic of Capricorn, but they do generally set rather high standards for themselves.

Aquarius (The Water-bearer)

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: The Magic Flute, “Queen of the Night aria” 

The sun transits Aquarius, the water-bearer, between January 21 and February 20. It is said that Aquarius is the most humanitarian astrological sign and that people born under this sign are revolutionary thinkers who support the power of the people. Free-spirited and eccentric, it is easy to spot an Aquarius by their unusual hobbies and nonconformist attitude.

Although the Aquarius can be shy and quiet, they can also be eccentric and highly energetic. They love being around good friends and like to help others, but can be highly temperamental and uncompromising. People born under the sign of Aquarius, it seems, have very complex and nuanced personalities.

wolfgang amadeus mozart

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

This seems certainly true of the most famous Aquarius composer, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, born on 27 January. Much has been written about the possibility of a personality disorder in the sense that he always needed to be nurtured and supported by others and that Mozart found it very difficult to be alone. We do know that he had violent temper outbursts, and recently, it has been suggested that Mozart might have suffered from Tourette’s syndrome. Whatever the case may be, Mozart’s music is just as nuanced and complex as his personality.

Pisces (The Fish)

Frédéric Chopin: Nocturne in C-sharp minor, Op. Posth. 

The sun transits the constellation of Pisces between 19 February and 20 March, and as the final sign of the Zodiac, it absorbs the hopes and fears of all other signs. Individuals born under this sign have a mystical, intuitive, and transcendental dynamic.

Pisces are selfless, spiritual, and very focused on their inner journey. They are sensitive seekers who have the potential to bring a soulful, healing energy to their relationships and communities. Common wisdom suggests that Pisces are compassionate and empathetic and wired to offer spiritual and artistic gifts to the world. These are the poets, musicians, painters.

Portrait of Frédéric Chopin by Maria Wodzińska

Portrait of Frédéric Chopin by Maria Wodzińska

And that brings us to Frédéric Chopin, born on 1 March. Judging by his compositions, Chopin could well be the musical poster child for this particular astrological sign. Ruled by sensitivity and emotions, this visionary fish was a kind and gentle artist who shared his experiences in music. He was easily wounded emotionally, but he was empathic and compassionate. I don’t know if, as astrologers predict, Chopin was clairvoyant, but he certainly fits the personality profile rather well.

Now you know my personal much-loved composers for every astrological sign; what are your favourites?