Chamber Music by Women Composers Schumann, Lebrun, Bond, Boulanger, and Carreño

By Georg Predota

Franz von Lenbach: Clara Schumann

Clara Wieck-Schumann (1819-1896) confided in her diary, “a woman must not wish to compose—there never was one able to do it. Am I intended to be the one? It would be arrogant to believe that.” Her husband Robert was supportive of Clara’s creative efforts, but his opinion on her role was inflexible. “To have children and a husband,” he writes, “who is always living in the realms of imagination do not go together with composing. She cannot work at it regularly and I am often disturbed to think how many profound ideas are lost because she cannot work them out. But Clara herself knows her main occupation is a mother, and I believe she is happy in the circumstance and would not want them changed.”

Clara and Robert Schumann

Such attitudes have actively discouraged or even barred women from pursuing careers as composers for a very long time. It forced Clara Schumann, one of the most talented and distinguished composer-pianist of the 19th century into a “struggle for self-assertion and survival amidst competition, personal disappointments, devastating sorrow, and the challenges of managing both family and career.” Yet despite these obstacles, Clara and other women have persisted in writing music, and their achievements have been hiding in plain sight for centuries. Music by women composers, living or dead, was rarely heard in major concert events. Thankfully this embarrassing situation is gradually changing, and we decided to advance this matter by showcasing some of the most exiting chamber music compositions written by women. Let’s get started with the G-minor Piano Trio, Clara Schumann’s best-known compositions. Composed in 1846, it is her masterpiece and sadly one of the few multi-movement works in her catalogue.  

Thomas Gainsborough: Franziska Danzi Lebrun

Franziska Danzi Lebrun (1756-1791) came from a highly talented musical family. Her mother Barbara Sidonia Margaretha Toeschi was a professional dancer and her father Innocenz Danzi a renowned cellist working at the Mannheim court. Her brothers Franz and Johann Baptist, in turn, were professional instrumentalists and successful composers. Franziska was trained as an operatic soprano, and she first publically appeared at the age of 16. Shortly thereafter, she was engaged by the Mannheim opera and highly sought after for her vocal dexterity. Contemporary composers such as Anton Schweitzer, Ignaz Holzbauer, and Antonio Salieri would cast her in leading roles in their most challenging operas. In 1778, Franziska married the composer and oboist of the Mannheim orchestra Ludwig August Lebrun. The couple frequently appeared in concert together, and played in Milan and Paris.

She sang on major operatic and concert stages throughout Europe to great acclaim, and the writer C.F.D. Schubart asserted that she could sing “A, three octaves above middle C with clarity and distinctness.” The family traveled to London in 1779, where Francisca sang at the King’s Theatre in operas by J.C. Bach and Sacchini. Her impact in London was such that the celebrated artist Thomas Gainsborough painted her portrait. However, her talents extended far beyond the stage to keyboard performance and music composition. That includes twelve sonatas for harpsichord with violin accompaniment published as her opus 1 and opus 2. First issued in London between 1779 and 1781, further editions were prepared in Paris and a number of German cities. Although not revolutionary, these charming chamber music compositions provide a delicious taste of mid to late 18th century musical taste. And did you notice that she shares her birth and death year with Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart?  

Victoria Bond

Victoria Bond (b. 1945) is an acclaimed composer, conductor, lecturer, and the artistic director of “Cutting Edge Concerts.” Major publications call her compositions “powerful, stylistically varied and technically demanding,” and her conducting “impassioned and full of energy and fervor.” In 2019, the Berlin Philharmonic Easter Festival in Baden-Baden, Germany premiered Bond’s opera Clara, based on the life of composer and pianist Clara Schumann. The German press wrote: “Victoria Bond gives each character a three-dimensional role, enriched with original musical colors.” Thus far, Bond has composed eight operas, six ballets, two piano concertos and numerous orchestral, chamber, choral and keyboard compositions. Victoria Bond is the first woman awarded a doctorate in orchestral conducting from the Juilliard School, and she has served with countless national and international symphony and chamber orchestras.

Victoria Bond

“Dancing on Glass” is based on the Chinese folksong Liu Yang River. It originates from Hunan Province and was a favorite of street musicians who often sang it accompanied by a drum. It also became the melody of a famous patriotic song celebrating Hunan’s most famous citizen, Mao Zedong. The song makes reference to the nine turns that the Liu Yang River makes before it flows into a lake. As such, the piece “is divided into nine sections, consisting of three solos, three duets and three trios.” According to the composer, “the title derives from the dance of light on the surface of the glass-like river. The sections flow into each other without a break, reflecting the changing character of the river.”  

Nadia and Lili Boulanger sisters, 1913

For a very long time, the famous Prix de Rome competition was closed to women. Only in 1903 did the Education Minister Joseph Chaumié make the surprise announcement at a press dinner that the Prix de Rome would be open to women from that year. This unexpected announcement took the “Académie” by complete surprise, and they mercilessly schemed to prevent women from receiving that coveted prize. After her sister Nadia gave up her attempts to win the Prix de Rome, Lili Boulanger (1893-1918) decided to compete for the prize. She studied privately and at the Conservatoire, and after an unsuccessful first attempt in the 1912 competition, she won the Prix de Rome in 1913. She was the first woman to win the prize for music, and her success made international headlines. As the local press wrote, “The suffragettes smash windows and burn houses, but a maiden of France has gained a much better victory.”

Lili Boulanger

Already in early childhood, Lili fell ill with bronchial pneumonia, and she was almost constantly ill for the rest of her life. “Her frail health conditioned her life, through the need of constant care, and her musical career, as she had to rely on private composition and instrumental tuition rather than a full musical education.” But while her dependence on others was often overwhelming, she did enjoy complete intellectual and artistic autonomy. Lily once wrote, “I feel discouraged … not because of the suffering, not because of boredom, but because I understand that I would never be able to have in me the feeling that I have done what I would like to do, but what I have to do, since I cannot follow whatever it is with being interrupted for a long time so that my efforts cannot be sustained!” Lili did compose over 50 works, and her “D’un soir triste” exists in two fabulous versions: one for violin or flute and piano, the other for cello and piano.

Teresa Carreño

Teresa Carreño (1853-1917) originally hailed from Caracas, Venezuela, but her family moved to New York in 1862. Teresa had a highly ambitious father, and she demonstrated extraordinary talent for piano performance, improvisation, and composition. She became a student of Louis Moreau Gottschalk, and was playing before President Abraham Lincoln at the White House when she was ten years old. The family moved to Paris in 1866, and Carreño played for Franz Liszt. He told the young prodigy, “My dear little Teresita, God has surely given you the greatest gift of all, that of genius. Work, develop your talents, but above all stay true to yourself, and in time you will be one of us.” Carreño performed in concerts throughout the world, and she was “among the first female pianists to tour the United States.”

Carreño served as a role model for new generations of American women who entered musical life as professional performers and composers. In fact, Carreño composed approximately 80 works that mostly date from the early stages of her career. She included them in her concerts, and “they reflect the influence of the style of virtuoso composers, especially Gottschalk, along with an assimilation of Venezuelan rhythmic and formal elements.” Although she mainly composed for the piano, Carreño did approach larger forms in her serenade for string orchestra and her delightful String Quartet in B minor. A scholar writes, “ In 1896, Teresa Carreño, the famous piano virtuosa composed a string quartet which shows a thoroughly sound grasp of quartet technique and style, Particularly praiseworthy is the concise construction of each of the four movements… From the time of its first appearance, this Quartet has received considerable notice.”

Please join us next time for more chamber music composed by women, including works by Fanny Mendelssohn-Hensel, Julia Frances Smith, Germaine Tailleferre, Maddalena Lombardini Sirmen, and Mélanie Bonis.

The Sorcerer’s Apprentice Friedrich Gulda and Martha Argerich

 by Georg Predota  June 16th, 2017

Around Martha Argerich’s 5th birthday, her mother placed her under the pianistic tutelage of Vicente Scaramuzza. Even though Mr. Scaramuzza was considered a sadistic fanatic, he gave her a superb technical grounding and laid the foundations for her unique cantabile style.

When Martha was asked at age 12 about her biggest dream, she unabashedly told President Peron that she wanted to study with Friedrich Gulda in Vienna. And Peron made it happen! Gulda had won the International Geneva Competition at age 16, and his lifelong passion would be to break down the barriers between the classical music and jazz idioms and successfully combine the two genres.

Gulda, like Martha, was a free and eccentric spirit! Both were fiercely independent, allergic to the rules imposed by career, fame, agents and concert halls. Martha admired Gulda for “his spontaneity, curiosity, and a love for music—for all music, not only for classical. He was such an open-minded person, so vital in this sense. He told me once ‘you have to learn everything before turning sixteen because later on gets a little stupid!’

She was fascinated by his sound and by the paradox of his controlled expressiveness. Argerich acknowledges Gulda as her biggest pianist influence. He recorded their lessons, and made her critique her own performances. He also told her to learn Ravel’s Gaspard and Schumann’s Abegg Variations in five days. “I did not find it difficult at all,” she said, “because I did not know it was supposed to be.” Argerich was Gulda’s only student, and she studied with him for only 18 months. Unimpressed by her subsequent fame and the personal chaos that surrounded her, he cried upon meeting her later, “What have you done with your life?” Essentially, we are talking about 2 extroverted recluses producing chaotic brilliance at the piano! A great number of pianists play difficult pieces and many photograph well. However, it is “her naturalness of phrasing that allows her to embody the music rather than interpret it.” Her native language is music, and she warmly credits Gulda with “having taught me how to listen.”

Khatia Buniatishvili: “Beyond the Eccentricity of Planet Pogorelich”

 by Georg Predota  January 10th, 2021

Khatia Buniatishvili

One of the most visually glittering pianists today, Khatia Buniatishvili steadily appears on television sets, front covers of glossy magazines and every imaginable social media outlet. She certainly attracts attention; on the cover of a recent Schubert release, Khatia takes on the physical persona of the famous corpse Ophelia, prompting a critic to sheepishly ask, “artistic or airheaded?” Unquestionably, she is one of the most highly sought after pianists, and readily appears in the world’s most prestigious concert halls. And it is her appearance in outfits with often plunging necklines that have earned her various nicknames, including the “Betty Boop” of the piano, and “the pop star of the classical music world.” For some, Khatia is a phenomenon “titillating the classical public… shaking and disrupting this fragile world.” To others, she is a “Lady Gaga or Beyoncé craving attention, with fashion as the best kind of projection.” To me, this simply begs the question of what makes Khatia Buniatishvili tick.  

Khatia Buniatishvili Plays Schubert, released in 2019

Khatia Buniatishvili was born in the town of Batoumi near the Black Sea on 21 June 1987. At that time, Georgia was still under Soviet authority, and life was anything but placid. When Georgia declared independence in 1991, every day became a struggle for survival and for keeping poverty at bay. “Early on, I got a taste of what real discipline is,” she explains, “and of how a human being can develop their imaginary world amidst a schedule that’s busy and difficult both mentally and physically.” Khatia was introduced to music by her mother, who apparently also instilled her with a sense of fashion by “sewing together magnificent dresses for her two daughters from bits of cloth she had managed to scavenge.” Khatia had discovered the piano at the age of three, and her mother would leave a new musical score on the piano each day. By age 6, Khatia first appeared publically with the Tbilisi Chamber Orchestra in the Concerto Op. 44 by Isaac Berkovich, a composer closely associated with the Soviet regime. That highly successful debut resulted in the invitation to tour internationally with the orchestra.   

In Tbilisi, Khatia took lessons with the renowned Georgian Chopin interpreter Tengiz Amirejibi, and it was during a local piano competition that she met Oleg Maisenberg. He convinced her to come to Vienna and study with him. She arrived in Vienna full of enthusiasm, and became an eager student. “I wanted to absorb everything I could, and the University had virtually unlimited knowledge on offer.” She still has only praise for Oleg Maisenberg, whom she describes as a magnificent musician of unlimited imagination and depth. “Every lesson was a work of art and remains deeply engraved in my memory.” Khatia’s rise to fame began in earnest in 2008, when she was awarded the 3rd prize and the Public prize by the prestigious Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Master competition in Tel-Aviv. In the same year she was invited to perform at Carnegie Hall, and she issued her first album in 2011 with works by Franz Liszt. Concurrently with her rapid rise to fame, Khatia is determined to follow her own path. And once she sits down at the piano, everything goes, including attitude, emotion, and outfit.   

Khatia Buniatishvili is adamant about the freedom of her performances, and she defends her right to “re-appropriate each work and to perform them without necessarily respecting the tradition or model imposed by her predecessors.” The human being stands squarely in the center of her art, as “we can subtly reveal our emotions all the while staying perfectly intimate with our instrument.” Emotion is her guiding and motivating force, and she is in love with complexity and paradoxes, not complications and oppositions. Her music is fundamentally bound to political activism, as she is involved in numerous social rights project, including among others the DLDwomen13 Conference in Munich, or the United Nation’s 70th Anniversary Humanitarian Concert benefiting Syrian refuges. Khatia Buniatishvili refuses all invitations to perform in Russia as long as president Putin is in power. As to Khatia’s musical performances, they have either been called “hauntingly original” or “beyond the eccentricity of Planet Pogorelich.” This fundamental disagreement depends on how commentators interpret the communicative aspects of music, and that surely includes attire and all other performative aspects. We would love to hear your opinion, please let us know.

Franz Ignaz Danzi

 by Georg Predota  April 13th, 2026

Wind Quintets at 200

Two hundred years ago, on 13 April 1826, Franz Ignaz Danzi (1763-1826) died in Karlsruhe, aged 62. He had known Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in his youth, had mentored the young Carl Maria von Weber, and had been a contemporary of Ludwig van Beethoven.

Danzi was most famous for his wind quintets, and he composed nine such works between 1820 and 1824. These are genial and gentle works, modest in reach, but beautifully crafted in every detail.

Franz Ignaz Danzi

The wind quintets were written in part to raise the level of musicianship at the court of Karlsruhe. But that’s not the only reason why wind players should know this music. To commemorate the 200th anniversary of Danzi’s death, why don’t we explore the wind quintets in a little more detail? 

Beyond the Jolly Exterior

Franz Danzi was described as a plump little man with a rounded head and clever eyes which always seemed good-humoured. Don’t let this jovial description fool you. Franz Danzi was a highly competent musician and composer.

He joined the cello section of the famous Mannheim Orchestra at the age of 15, and performed with them for many years. Two of his early stage works were performed in Munich, and he then married the celebrated singer and pianist Margarethe Marchand.

The couple embarked on a concert tour that lasted several years, and Danzi eventually enjoyed some success as an opera composer. Success as an opera composer generally translated into employment opportunities, and such was the case for Danzi.

He took up a post in Stuttgart in 1807, but resigned in 1812 citing poor health. However, within the same year he accepted the post of Kapellmeister at the court in Karlsruhe. By that time he had been cultivating a close friendship with Carl Maria von Weber, and he was highly supportive of Weber’s quest to promote serious German-language opera.  

The orchestra at Karlsruhe was not in great shape, and the Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung reported in 1817 that Danzi had to stamp the beat with his foot to keep the orchestra together, especially at important entries.

One way of improving the orchestra, especially the wind section, was to compose dedicated wind quintets. The combination of flute, oboe, clarinet, French horn and bassoon, however, was not new, as this instrumentation had been established by Anton Reicha.

Anton Reicha

Reicha was born in Prague, educated in Bavaria, and later became a French citizen. He was friendly with Ludwig van Beethoven, and counted Franz Liszt, Hector Berlioz, and César Franck among his students. Even Chopin considered studying with him, but ultimately decided otherwise.

He is best known today for his 24 wind quintets, composed in Paris between 1811 and 1820. Most of his later wind quintets were premiered in the foyer of the Théâtre Favart by some of the world’s finest wind soloists. Immediately popular, they were played all over Europe shortly thereafter.   

Reicha’s Mission

In his memoirs, Reicha claimed that his wind quintets filled a void. “At that time, there was a dearth not only of good classical music, but of any good music at all for wind instruments, simply because composers knew little of their technique.”

Since Reicha was a flautist, he systematically explored the possibilities of the wind ensemble and came up with a formal variant that could accommodate a great number of principal themes.

The wind quintets also received commercial interest from music publishers during his lifetime. They appeared with Simrock in Bonn and Cologne, with Boieldieu and Richault in Paris, and with Schott in Mainz.

By some accounts, Franz Danzi started to write wind quintets after the tremendous financial success of Reicha’s first set of works, published in 1817. Since Danzi had a gift for writing flowing melodies and had a connection to publishers, he lavished considerable care on his own wind quintets.  

Modest Yet Masterful

The nine wind quintets by Danzi are dedicated to Reicha and published in groups of three. They display a remarkable unity of form. All of them follow the popular four-movement pattern. Sonata form first movements are followed by song-form seconds, and a minuet that occasionally approaches a scherzo character. These works all concluded with rondo finales.

The Danzi wind quintets are modest in reach, yet beautifully crafted in every detail. Players must have solid basic technique and good intonation. However, they focus primarily on ensemble balance rather than extreme virtuosity. And that makes them very approachable for amateurs and students.

Danzi beautifully blends the colourful combinations of the five instruments, with clever use of timbral contrasts. Frequently, the oboe or flute presents the leading melodies, the horn provides harmonic support, and the bassoon anchors the bass line.

Melodic lines are frequently passed between upper winds, with the horn and bassoon providing harmonic foundation and occasional soloistic moments. Danzi always chooses an instrumental combination that suits the character of the material.

Affectionate Respect

I was not able to find specific contemporary reviews of the Danzi wind quintets, but his compositions were overall praised for their melodic quality and craftsmanship. Since his wind quintets were published shortly after Reicha’s more ambitious sets, they seemed to have been positioned as practical and accessible works.

Danzi, as an orchestral cellist and conductor, brought plenty of practical knowledge to these compositions. Composed in the 1820s when Beethoven and Schubert were pushing boundaries, the wind quintets are looked upon with affectionate respect rather than profound intellectual scrutiny.

Essentially, the wind quintets represent a polished late-Classical sensibility. When compared with Beethoven’s contemporary late string quartets, it becomes obvious that Danzi composed in a courtlier vein, favouring elegant and conversational music-making.

Because of their modest technical demands and a focus on ensemble cohesion, they make excellent teaching and community ensemble pieces. They are regularly performed and frequently recorded. If you are looking for charm and playability without all that Beethovenian intensity, the Danzi wind quintets are an ideal choice

Sabine Meyer (Born on March 30, 1959) & Mozart Rediscovering the Clarinet Concerto

 by Georg Predota  March 30th, 2026

Born on 30 March 1959 in the rolling hills of southern Germany, Sabine Meyer grew up in a family dedicated to the clarinet. Her grandfather, her father, and her older brother all played the clarinet, and by the age of eight, she made the instrument her own.

As she later recalled, “The modulation of the sound, playing with your breath… right from the start I had the feeling: That’s my instrument.” And she was incredibly talented, making her professional debut at the age of sixteen and accepting an invitation from Herbert von Karajan to join the Berlin Philharmonic at twenty-three.

Sabine Meyer

The appointment caused a sensation and met with plenty of resistance from some colleagues, and after a brief period of orchestral playing, she embarked on a glittering international career as a soloist.

On the occasion of Sabine Meyer’s birthday, let us explore her lifelong love affair with Mozart, and specifically with the Clarinet Concerto K. 622.   

Unrivalled Masterpiece

Mozart’s Clarinet Concerto, KV 622 music score

In an interview, Meyer called the Mozart Clarinet Concerto “the best composition ever written for a wind instrument. Everything else pales in insignificance beside it. The concerto lives alongside me. It is incredibly deep and rich in expression, colour, and compositional ideas.” (Schwarz, Bachtrack, 2018)

Meyer finds in Mozart’s works a remarkable inner richness. Although the surface unfolds gracefully and seemingly effortlessly, Mozart reveals an incredible depth of expression. Economy and elegance are ever-present, but Mozart is able to say profound things in the most natural and unforced way.

With Mozart, every melodic line carries emotional weight, and the interaction between soloist and orchestra feels perfectly balanced. For Meyer, no other wind-instrument composition comes close to this level of perfection in blending emotional profundity with pure beauty.   

Basset Clarinet

Silhouette of Anton Stadler

Mozart composed the Clarinet Concerto for Anton Stadler and for the basset clarinet. Yet, for much of its history, it has been performed on the modern instrument. The basset clarinet is essentially an extended version of the soprano clarinet featuring additional keys that extend the lower range down a major third.

And according to Meyer, it is the only instrument that should be exclusively used. “The work was composed for a basset clarinet, and today we know much more about its history and original version than 40 years ago.”

“Of course, you can play it on the flute or viola or even on a normal A clarinet. But those are adaptations, and these instruments don’t have the astounding range of the basset clarinet which Mozart explicitly used in his concerto.” (Schwarz, Bachtrack, 2018)  

No Compromise

Sabine Meyer © Christian Ruvolo

In an earlier interview with Bruce Duffie, Sabine Meyer and her husband Reiner forcefully argued for the use of the basset clarinet. “You have to use the basset clarinet as it is the original instrument for this concerto… This is what Mozart wanted.”

Asked if it was wrong to use the standard clarinet, she answered resoundingly yes. Her husband explained in more detail. “You should imagine a pianist who plays a Mozart concerto on a piano that has four tones missing.”

“For any Mozart Concerto, it is impossible. No one would do it, but it has been done to the Clarinet Concerto for nearly two hundred years. I don’t think anybody should play it on a normal clarinet with orchestra, but students and music schools must do it because it’s very expensive to buy a basset clarinet for only this one piece.” (Duffie, Sabine Meyer, 1994)   

The Perfect Union

Basset clarinet by Anton Stadler 1789 (sketch) with replica

The combination of Sabine Meyer and the basset clarinet provides a compelling interpretation of Mozart’s clarinet masterpiece. The instrument restores Mozart’s original intentions and allows every passage to flow naturally without transpositions.

Because the lower range is extended, we hear a darker and more velvety tone that produces a richer palette of colours. Some critics have suggested that those low passages now descend with natural elegance, giving the music a more satisfying architectural shape.

Once you combine Meyer’s refined artistry with the authentic sound of the basset clarinet, you are treated to a new listening experience. I would suggest that this combination produces an intuitive understanding of the concerto’s true character.

Wilhelm Taubert (Born on March 23, 1811) Berlin’s Hidden Romantic

 by Georg Predota  March 23rd, 2026

The German conductor, composer and pianist Wilhelm Taubert (1811–1891), born on 23 March 1811, was part of a Berlin circle of musicians that included Felix Mendelssohn, Giacomo Meyerbeer, and the singer and writer Eduard Devrient, the librettist of two of his operas.

Wilhelm Taubert

Mendelssohn and Taubert studied piano with Ludwig Berger, and they exchanged a number of letters. In one of these letters, Mendelssohn identifies “the lack and impetus of spirit which, for all of Taubert’s musicianship, refined taste and great industry, nevertheless hindered him from achieving complete success as a composer.” (Lindeman, Grove Music Online, 2001)

On the occasion of Taubert’s birthday on 23 March, let’s explore the life and works of a capable yet eclipsed composer whose prolific output was ultimately overshadowed by his more illustrious contemporaries.

Childhood Promise

Carl Gottfried Wilhelm Taubert was born into a middle-class family. His father may have held an administrative or civil service position, and he was exposed to Berlin’s vibrant musical and theatrical scene at an early age.

Taubert showed great early promise on the piano, and his first structured lessons came from August Neithardt and, most significantly, Ludwig Berger. Berger was a student of Muzio Clementi and even went with him to Russia.

Ludwig Berger

A capable composer and piano virtuoso, Berger built his reputation as a teacher, counting Felix and Fanny Mendelssohn, Dorn, August Wilhelm Bach, and Wilhelm Taubert among his most distinguished students.

Dual Path in Berlin

Bernhard Klein

Under Berger’s guidance, Taubert progressed rapidly, and he was allowed to perform publicly as early as age 13. Taubert also studied composition with Bernhard Klein, himself a student of Luigi Cherubini, who held the professorship of composition at the Royal Institute for Church Music and served as music director at the University of Berlin.

Alongside music, Taubert also pursued philosophy studies at the University of Berlin, preparing for a dual path that shaped his refined taste and intellectual approach to music. Among his first compositions were small instrumental pieces and sets of songs which attracted favourable comments from Mendelssohn.

Mendelssohn and Taubert engaged in a busy exchange of letters that discussed various aspects of musicianship and artistry. When a critic highly praised the uniqueness of the overture to A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Mendelssohn wrote to Taubert, “…the first obligation of any artist should be to have respect for the great men and to bow down before them…and not try to extinguish the great flames in order that his own small candle can seem a little brighter.” (Green, Biography as Ethics, 2006). 

The Working Musician

Wilhelm Taubert

At the age of 20, Taubert was appointed assistant conductor and accompanist for the Berlin court concerts. He would subsequently become associated with the Berlin Königliche Schauspiele under Mendelssohn and Meyerbeer, and served as Generalmusikdirektor there from 1845 until 1848.

Taubert also held the appointment of court Kapellmeister until 1869, and in this position, he would conduct the royal orchestra until 1883. As far as we can tell, Taubert was highly regarded as a teacher, instructing Theodor Kullak, among others, at the Royal Academy of Arts.

Taubert composed in a graceful and popular style, and he soon attracted the attention of Robert Schumann. As the editor of the Neue Zeitschrift für Musik, Schumann reviewed a great many of Taubert’s compositions, indicating his high regard. He even asked Taubert to contribute to the journal.  

Encounter with Schumann

In his early twenties, Taubert composed his Piano Concerto No. 1, dedicated to his piano teacher Ludwig Berger. Schumann heard the concerto performed by the composer in 1833, and three years later, after the score was published, he remembered many of the positive aspects of his first impression.

As Schumann writes in his 1836 review, “Without waxing lyrical, I could call this Concerto one of the most excellent.” (Lindemann, Hyperion, 2010) However, Schumann also found too many similarities to Mendelssohn’s Piano Concerto No. 1 in G minor, Op. 25. In the end, Schumann credits Mendelssohn as the original.

Challenges in Complexity

Wilhelm Taubert composed five symphonies that reveal the challenges of writing longer, more complex music. He also composed six operas that were all staged at the Königliches Theater in Berlin. “Although these works seem not to have stood the test of time, they were well received and often highly admired when written.” (Smith, Naxos, 2024)

In his compositional style, Taubert stayed close to the traditional models offered by Mendelssohn and Carl Maria von Weber. His music is highly diatonic and cadential, with chromaticism primarily reserved for modulatory passages.

As has been noted, Taubert’s music is full of graceful and gentle melodies of light lyrical charm, and therefore well adapted to smaller and more intimate musical forms. As such, it is hardly surprising that Lieder form an important part of his output.  

A Forgotten Footnote

For much of the 20th century, Wilhelm Taubert was little more than a forgotten footnote in music history. Overshadowed by Mendelssohn and Schumann, his extensive oeuvre was quickly forgotten after his death.

Mendelssohn’s assessment, quoted at the beginning, might well have played its part. While he praises Taubert’s technical skill and competence, and acknowledges his diligence and productivity, he pinpoints a core deficiency.

What Mendelssohn misses in Taubert’s music is the inner fire and passion, or, in other words, originality and creative energy. This isn’t just a mild criticism but a clear statement that Taubert might well have been a capable composer, albeit one without genius.   

21st-Century Revival

Wilhelm Taubert

Fortunately, the 21st century has engaged in a quiet rediscovery that finally gives listeners a chance to hear this forgotten voice. Initially, Hyperion Records released Taubert’s two piano concertos as Volume 51 of its acclaimed “Romantic Piano Concerto” series.

However, the real breakthrough arrived in September 2025 when pianist Lucas Wong released the world-premiere recording of Taubert’s Piano Sonatas. Praising its pastoral charm, light virtuosity and intimate storytelling, critics have found great delight in the discovery of a once-neglected composer.

In an age hungry for fresh repertoire, the works of Wilhelm Taubert remind us of the vast untapped 19th-century music. While his symphonies and operas still await full revival, Taubert is finally restored to the broader narrative of 19th-century Romanticism.

Nobuko Imai (Born on March 18, 1943) and the Hindemith Viola Sonatas Comparing the Greats

by Georg Predota  March 18th, 2026

Born in Tokyo on 18 March 1943, Nobuko Imai initially studied the violin but, after hearing Joseph de Pasquale at the Tanglewood Festival, she decided to take up the viola. Graduate studies brought her to Yale and Juilliard, and she made her US recital début at Carnegie Hall in 1968.

Imai was a member of the Vermeer String Quartet from 1974 to 1979, which she still considers one of her greatest triumphs. “Every single day taught me so much… as chamber music has always been closest to my heart.” (Stewart, Nobuko Imai, The Strad)

Nobuko Imai © Marco Borggreve

Her playing is known for its technical precision and expressive depth. In addition, she is a dedicated advocate of 20th-century music, and this includes the works of Paul Hindemith. Her two Hindemith recordings for BIS from the early 1990s have been highly praised, and on the occasion of her birthday, let’s compare her interpretations with other notable recordings.   

The Perfect Balance

Paul Hindemith, 1923

Paul Hindemith, himself a virtuoso violist, composed several sonatas for the instrument. These include three viola sonatas with piano accompaniment and four solo sonatas. These works exploit the rich and dark timbre of the instrument while placing considerable technical demands on the performers.

Critics and listeners alike praise Imai’s interpretations for their clarity and intellectual approach. Yet, despite Hindemith’s severe contrapuntal style and edgy corners, Imai is able to navigate the music with considerable warmth.

Her performance is perfectly controlled, while the sound quality stands up well, even compared to Hindemith’s own historical performances. These recordings strike the perfect balance between intellectual insight and tonal beauty.   

Painted Sound Worlds

Kim Kashkashian

One of the most important and influential modern account of the Hindemith viola sonatas was recorded by Kim Kashkashian on ECM between 1985-86. Described as one of only a few violists with an international solo career, she won a 2013 Grammy Award for Best Classical Instrumental Solo.

Her approach to the Hindemith sonatas is essentially introspective, as she consistently produces an exceptionally mellow and rich sound. Emotionally layered and atmospheric, Kashkashian makes the complex contrapuntal passages sound spontaneous.

The contrast to Nobuko Imai is striking, as they come from two entirely different aesthetic ideals. The almost painted sound world of Kashkashian is contrasted by Imai’s brighter tone. Kashkashian is particularly interested in the philosophical and emotional core of Hindemith’s music, while Imai focuses on structural clarity and raw energy.    

Legendary Theatricality

Yuri Bashmet

Ranked among the all-time greats, Yuri Bashmet’s collaboration with Sviatoslav Richter is frequently described as iconic in viola circles. Critics have praised it for its authority and partnership chemistry with Richter. Bashmet did not record the complete Hindemith sonatas, yet this commanding performance is legendary.

Bashmet’s interpretation is richly resonant, as he delivers a highly dramatic reading that focuses on structural power and dynamic extremes. Overtly expressive and forceful, Bashmet’s darker and more intense edge is capable of thunderous force and lyrical tenderness.

Compared with Imai’s rhythmic precision and forward drive, Bashmet adds greater emotional weight and theatricality. If Imai feels a bit more mechanical, it is because her approach is essentially aligned with Hindemith’s own no-nonsense approach.   

Narrative Sweep

Tabea Zimmermann © Marco Borggreve

Within the context of Hindemith’s viola sonatas, we need to mention Tabea Zimmermann. She has recorded the complete works with pianist Thomas Hoppe for the Myrios Classics label. These recordings approach the works in chronological order, tracing Hindemith’s development as a violist and composer.

These interpretations are hailed as modern benchmarks, with critics praising the “quality of rightness.” Zimmermann’s full tone is projected with impeccable execution, and her playing is said to rival historical accounts.

Nobuko Imai’s early 1990s BIS recordings of Hindemith’s viola sonatas are a valued contribution to the repertoire. There is a clear balance between energy and tonal beauty, attributes that have significantly influenced modern performers. Her composer-aligned approach resonates with the search for authenticity that is so highly valued in the 21st century.