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Tuesday, September 23, 2025

Hans Zimmer on how he wrote the magical ‘Interstellar’ music

17 September 2025, 17:37

Hans Zimmer on how he composed 'Interstellar' | Classic FM

By Lucy Hicks Beach

Ten years after its release, Hans Zimmer’s score for Interstellar may be more deeply appreciated now than ever. In an exclusive interview for Classic FM, the Oscar-winning composer reflected on how one of his most personal pieces became the emotional foundation for one of the most ambitious science-fiction films of the 21st century.

Zimmer revealed that the score began with a fable. “It all started at a party,” he said, recalling how director Christopher Nolan asked him to write something based on a feeling, not a plot. “Chris said, ‘If you were to write me a letter, and not describe the film, but a fable, what would come to you?’”

What came to Zimmer was an intimate piano theme inspired by his son. Without knowing Interstellar was a film about space, time, and black holes, he composed a delicate piece about love, parenthood, and connection. “It was very small, very heartfelt,” Zimmer said. When he played it to Nolan, the director responded: “I suppose I better go make the movie.”

  Hans Zimmer reflects on Interstellar ten years on

Hans Zimmer reflects on Interstellar ten years on. Picture: Alamy/Classic FM

Zimmer and Nolan agreed early on that they wanted to do something that hadn’t already been used to score space epics. “We’d done the big drums. We’d done the brass. We’d done the ostinatos. So Chris said, ‘You know, we’ve never tried a pipe organ.’”

Zimmer’s first reaction was to laugh, associating the sound of an organ with films like Dracula and Frankenstein. But the more he considered it, the more the king of instruments revealed itself as an expressive living and breathing instrument that connected naturally to the film’s themes of space and humanity.

They chose Temple Church in London as the recording location for its acoustics and quiet surroundings free from traffic noise, as well as its visual symbolism. “The other thing is, if you look at the pump, the big pipes, the 32 or the 64 footers, they look like rockets,” Zimmer noted. “They work with air pressure and they breathe. They don’t make a sound unless you let them breathe. So that sense of a human element in that machine I thought was interesting.”

Zimmer credits much of the score’s success to organist Roger Sayer, whose virtuosity brought the music to life. “Had it not been for Roger, I might have had to give up,” he admitted. “He saved my life.”  

Together, they created something unique: a non-religious use of the organ that still carried spiritual weight. This instrument that is traditionally associated with the divine was instead used to explore something more personal and existential.

Anna Lapwood - Hans Zimmer 'Interstellar' LIVE | Classic FM

Despite the film’s grand scale, Zimmer kept the score harmonically simple. “It all resolves within three chords,” he said. That cycle, always returning home, only to lose it again, mirrored the emotional journey of the film’s characters. “Every 12 seconds, you felt you were home, just to be ripped away again.”

That emotional pattern, Zimmer says, was the core of the film. “The idea of scrabbling, struggling constantly to find a real home, that felt important. Interstellar was about reaching across time, across galaxies, across distance… and still feeling something.”

Looking back, Zimmer feels the project was an experiment and a labour of love. A decade on, the score that started life as a theme about a child is now a sonic marvel that reminds us of the need for communication.

“We never quite leave the idea that it is actually written for one person to another person, reaches across,” Zimmer concludes, “And sometimes that reaches across vast amounts of distance and you can still feel it.”

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Thomas Hardy's capture a lost musical landscape


Hulton Archive/Getty Images

Richard Morrison


The poems of Thomas Hardy are full of music...

There are many reasons to read Thomas Hardy’s poems, which I have been doing all my adult life. As with his novels, but rather more pithily, they often plunge you into the terrifying darkness of Victorian pessimism. Yet they are full of humour and irony.  And for musicians and music lovers there’s an additional reason. Though Hardy’s quirky metres make his poems notoriously hard to set to music (fine cycles by Britten and Finzi notwithstanding), they are themselves full of music. And I mean that in two ways. First, Hardy depicts a musical world that still existed in his 1840s Wessex boyhood but was fast disappearing. It’s a world of viol consorts bowing ancient hymns in the west galleries of village churches; of folk fiddlers striking up reels at country fairs; and ‘waits’ carolling themselves hoarse on their Christmas Eve rounds.  

Thomas Hardy: recording a vanished culture for posterity

So simply as a record of a bygone folk tradition, Hardy’s poems are invaluable. Indeed, when in ‘The Dance at the Phoenix’ he manages to cram eight dance titles (plus instructions of their steps) into seven rhyming lines, he seems to be consciously recording for posterity an already vanished culture.

But his musical references also play a fundamental role in conveying his philosophy. Like many Victorians, Hardy had lost faith, not just in the existence of God but also in humanity’s potential to behave better. One famously grim couplet in his poem ‘Christmas 1924’ – ‘After two thousand years of mass/We’ve got as far as poison gas’ – said it all.

Hardy uses music to represent decent values...

In this dark world, music could represent the enduring, decent values and customs of ordinary folk. In the lovely poem ‘A Church Romance’, for instance, he imagines a musician in a church band somehow communicating his love, through music, to a woman in the congregation: ‘One strenuous viol’s inspirer seemed to throw/A message from his string to her below.’   Woe betide anyone in Hardy’s poetic world who belittles these village folk making music to the best of their ability. In ‘The Choirmaster’s Burial’ the soulless vicar who stops the choir from playing the dead choirmaster’s favourite psalm round his grave is shaken to see an angelic choir doing the job instead. In ‘The Chapel-Organist’ a woman organist, sacked by prudish church authorities because they think she has too many male friends, shames her accusers by taking poison and expiring in front of them as she plays the final verse of her final hymn.

For Thomas Hardy, music bears witness to life's ironies and fleeting moments

Musicians in Hardy’s poetry also get glimpses into life’s ironies that others don’t. In the poem ‘Seen by the Waits’ some carol singers arrive at a house and see a woman dancing radiantly inside, all alone. Later they discover she has just heard that her ‘roving spouse’ is dead. Contrast that with another poem in which a folk fiddler, playing for dancing couples at a village shindig, observes cynically that they will ‘pay high for their prancing’ – the price not being his meagre fee, but the hasty marriages and lifelong mutual misery that will follow their incautious lovemaking.   

Most often, however, Hardy makes music stand for something fleeting, unrepeatable, easily missed. ‘Everything glowed with a gleam; yet we were looking away!’ is how he ends his idyllic memory of childhood in ‘The Self-Unseeing’: his father playing the fiddle to his smiling mother; the child Hardy dancing without a care in the world.


'Music,' says Thomas Hardy, 'is the last resort for a troubled soul'

Hardy’s greatest musical poem, ‘At the Railway Station, Upway’ (brilliantly set by Britten in Winter Words) catches in a few lines his whole view of human existence. A convict, policeman and little boy are brought together by chance, waiting for a train. The boy has a violin, and when he starts to play the handcuffed convict bursts into song: ‘This life so free is the thing for me!’

Ian Bostridge sings Britten's 'At the Railway Station, Upway' from Winter Worlds, accompanied on the piano by Antonio Pappano

Gallows humour? Self-deception? Sarcasm? It doesn’t matter. Hardy’s point here is not what people sing when they feel as hopeless as the convict. It’s the fact that they sing at all. Music, he is saying, is the last resort of the troubled soul. And he is right.

  • Hardy wrote around 900 poems and there are approximately 900 days to go until 11 January 2028 – the centenary of his death. So, I’ve started reading them all again, one a day. Yes, some are bleak – but it’s amazing how much better they make you feel about your own life. And how much they dispel the still prevalent notion that Britain between Handel’s death and Elgar’s rise was a ‘land without music’. As Hardy shows us, music was always everywhere.     

‘What a giftless bastard!': when composers tear into each other

Sparks fly and verbal venom is spat, as John Evans explores the great names who simply loved to take potshots at each other


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Take a look at social media and you may come away thinking our age is the most poisonous and vindictive of all time. Think again.

History is full of those who were masters of the withering put-down, not least the great composers. What’s more, rather than hide behind a pen name as today’s trolls do, they were only too happy to claim authorship.

Take this little gem by Tchaikovsky: ‘Brahms is just some chaotic and utterly empty wasteland.’ How do you come back from that? Perhaps composers’ enthusiasm for verbal blows flowed from the fact that they cared so much about music; enough to slug it out publicly, like boxers in a ring.

And the abuse didn’t stop at the occasional one-liner. It could go on for years, drawing in friends and associates so that both camps were soon dug in like armies facing each other across no-man’s land. Here, then, are 15 fine examples of composers willingly indulging in a war of words...

The fiercest composer rivalries

Tchaikovsky composer

1. Brahms v Tchaikovsky

Tchaikovsky (pictured) didn’t rate Brahms—calling him a “giftless bastard” and “conceited mediocrity.” Harsh words, possibly provoked by Brahms nodding off during a rehearsal of Tchaikovsky’s Fifth. Musically, they were worlds apart, yet strangely, they got on well in person—despite Brahms’s beer-fuelled bluntness clashing with Tchaikovsky’s more polished sensibilities. Music divided them; manners, oddly, did not.


2. Brahms v Liszt

Brahms and Liszt’s names may be forever joined as the rhyming slang term for having had a beer or two too many but, in reality, these two giants of 19th-century music couldn’t stand one another. Once again, Brahms let himself down by nodding off during a premiere, this time of Liszt’s B minor Sonata – given the demonic energy of the piece, an act of deliberate sabotage, surely. But Liszt (pictured) wasn’t blameless. He once called Brahms’s music ‘hygienic but unexciting’.


3. Beethoven v Haydn

Misunderstandings and imagined sleights, perhaps caused by a clash of egos, seem to have been the root of these two composers’ undoing at various times. For example, in an effort to bolster Beethoven’s credibility, Haydn (pictured) suggested adding the phrase, ‘pupil of Haydn’ to the young composer’s Piano Trios Op. 1. Beethoven bristled at that, telling a friend he had ‘never learned anything from Haydn’.

  • 4. Beethoven v Hummel

Is anything more likely to get your goat than a customer criticising your work within earshot of an amused rival? That’s what happened to Beethoven when Prince Nikolaus Esterhazy collared him after a performance of his Mass in C. With Johann Nepomuk Hummel, fellow composer and the Prince’s music master, looking on, his boss made a cutting remark to Beethoven about the performance, causing the obsequious Hummel to laugh out loud. Beethoven stormed off, and his grudge would only grow with the passing years.

Johann Nepomuk Hummel composer

Composer Beethoven looking angry

5. Beethoven v Italy

Given his willingness to lob insults at all and sundry, it’s no great surprise to see Beethoven make a third appearance on our list. One of his most damning shots was directed specifically at Rossini but, for good measure, took in an entire nationality within its scope. ‘Opera is ill-suited to the Italians,’ he said. ‘You do not know how to deal with real drama.’



6. Mozart v Clementi

‘I do not make acquaintances among other composers,’ Mozart (pictured) once wrote sniffily to his father. ‘I know my job and they know theirs, and that’s good enough.’ However, that didn’t mean he was averse to sticking the knife in. In another letter he wrote, ‘Everyone who plays or hears [Clementi’s] compositions will sense their insignificance. Clementi is a charlatan, like all Italians. He has nothing to offer.’

Mozart unfinished portrait


7. Mendelssohn v Berlioz

Affable in person, Mendelssohn’s letters and diaries reveal that he also possessed a poison pen overflowing with ink, with some scathing remarks directed at audiences in Munich, Rome and Paris. He saved his most toxic text for Berlioz, however, writing that ‘with all his efforts to go stark mad he never once succeeds’. Here, meanwhile, is his vivid description of Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique.

Felix Mendelssohn
Mendelssohn: not a Berlioz fan - DEA PICTURE LIBRARY/De Agostini via Getty Images

'How utterly loathsome this is to me, I don’t have to tell you. To see one’s most cherished ideas debased and expressed in perverted caricatures would enrage anyone. And yet this is only the program. The execution is still more miserable: nowhere a spark, no warmth, utter foolishness, contrived passion represented through every possible exaggerated orchestral means (....) all these means used to express nothing but indifferent drivel, mere grunting, shouting, screaming back and forth.”

Yeah, but what did you really think, Felix?


Clara Schumann

8. Clara Schumann v Liszt

As Lisztomania swept Europe in the mid-19th century, it left a few damaged egos in its wake, among them those of Robert Schumann and his composer wife, Clara. Concerned for her husband’s legacy, she recruited Brahms and the violinist Joseph Joachim to keep Robert’s flame alive. As they went to war in the salons and concert halls of Europe, Clara would launch the occasional rocket in Liszt’s direction, such as this: ‘[His music] is just meaningless noise. Not a single healthy idea anymore. Everything is confused. A clear harmonic progression is not to be found here any longer.’



Italian opera composer Giuseppe Verdi

9. Verdi v Puccini

For composers at war, faint praise is akin to a pistol fitted with a silencer. Verdi (pictured) deployed it to damning effect when he wrote, ‘I have heard the composer Puccini well spoken of. He follows the new tendencies, which is only natural, but he keeps strictly to melody, and that is neither new nor old. He is predominantly a symphonist; no harm in that.’



10. Debussy v Ravel

Like all the fiercest enemies, Ravel and Debussy (pictured) had once been friends, of a sort. ‘For Debussy, the musician and the man, I have had profound admiration,’ said Ravel. Note the past tense, though. At some point in the early 1900s, the two fell out, at first over Ravel choosing to follow Fauré’s advice over Debussy’s with regards to changes to his String Quartet. Things escalated when Ravel helped to support Debussy’s estranged wife, Lilly. ‘It’s probably better for us to be on frigid terms for illogical reasons,’ concluded Ravel.  

Claude Debussy composer